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APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 21/04/2026

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (21-04-2026).

📝 GS Mains Model Question

Q. “Urban flooding in Indian cities is largely a result of governance failures rather than natural causes.”
Discuss with reference to recent developments.

✍️ Model Answer

🔹 Introduction

Urban flooding has become a recurring phenomenon in Indian cities like Guwahati, Mumbai, and Bengaluru. While intense rainfall acts as a trigger, the severity of flooding is primarily due to anthropogenic factors and governance deficits.

🔹 Natural vs Anthropogenic Factors

A. Natural Causes

High-intensity rainfall
Climate variability

👉 However, these are triggers, not root causes.

B. Governance & Human-Induced Causes

1. Unplanned Urbanisation

Rapid expansion without drainage planning
Increase in impervious surfaces

2. Wetland Encroachment

Loss of natural sponges (e.g., Deepor Beel in Guwahati)

3. Poor Drainage Infrastructure

Outdated stormwater systems
Lack of capacity

4. Lack of Maintenance

Absence of pre-monsoon desiltation

5. Institutional Failures

Weak coordination among agencies
Lack of accountability

🔹 Case Study: Guwahati (April 2026)

Record rainfall (~117 mm)
Severe waterlogging across city
Traffic paralysis
Death due to open drain

👉 Indicates:

Systemic governance failure rather than natural disaster alone

🔹 Impacts of Urban Flooding

Economic losses
Public health risks
Disruption of daily life
Loss of lives

🔹 Challenges

Rapid urban growth
Climate change intensifying rainfall
Encroachment of ecological assets
Weak urban governance

🔹 Way Forward

1. Sustainable Urban Planning

Integrate hydrological data

2. Protection of Wetlands

Conserve natural drainage systems

3. Modern Drainage Infrastructure

Upgrade stormwater networks

4. Regular Maintenance

Desiltation and monitoring

5. Institutional Reforms

Accountability mechanisms
Better coordination

6. Nature-Based Solutions

Urban wetlands, green spaces

🔹 Conclusion

Urban flooding is not merely a natural phenomenon but a reflection of policy failures and poor governance. Addressing it requires a shift toward scientific planning, ecological conservation, and accountable governance to build resilient cities.

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