APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 04/02/2026

Model answer

Examine the ecological and socio-economic significance of Deepor Beel and discuss the challenges involved in its conservation. Suggest a sustainable way forward.
(15 marks)

Model Answer

Introduction

Deepor Beel, located on the south-western fringe of Guwahati, is Assam’s only Ramsar-listed wetland and an integral part of the Brahmaputra valley ecosystem. As highlighted in The Assam Tribune (4 February 2026) on the occasion of World Wetlands Day, the wetland is under severe stress due to encroachment, pollution, infrastructure expansion, and neglect of indigenous livelihoods, raising serious concerns about urban ecological sustainability in Assam.

Body

A. Ecological and Socio-Economic Significance

1. Flood Regulation and Climate Resilience
   • Acts as a natural flood buffer by absorbing excess runoff during heavy rainfall.
   • Enhances Guwahati’s resilience against climate-induced extreme events.
2. Biodiversity Conservation
   • Supports rich aquatic life and serves as a habitat for migratory birds.
   • Contributes to ecological balance and carbon sequestration.
3. Livelihood and Cultural Value
   • Sustains traditional fishing communities and indigenous knowledge systems.
   • Forms part of the socio-cultural fabric of local communities.
4. Urban Environmental Support
   • Complements engineered drainage systems and groundwater recharge.

B. Challenges in Conservation

• Encroachment and Land Filling driven by rapid urban expansion.
• Pollution from solid waste dumping and untreated sewage inflow.
• Infrastructure Pressure, including rail and road projects fragmenting habitats.
• Governance Deficits, marked by weak enforcement of wetland regulations.
• Marginalisation of Local Communities in planning and decision-making.

C. Way Forward

1. Strict Enforcement of Wetland Protection Laws
   • Clear demarcation and zero-tolerance towards encroachment.
2. Integrated Urban Planning
   • Align city master plans with ecological zoning and wetland conservation.
3. Community-Based Conservation
   • Involve indigenous fishing communities in co-management frameworks.
4. Pollution Control and Restoration
   • Sewage treatment, waste management, and restoration of feeder channels.
5. Awareness and Institutional Accountability
   • Strengthen the role of wetland authorities and promote public stewardship.

Conclusion

The crisis facing Deepor Beel reflects a broader conflict between urban growth and ecological sustainability. Protecting this Ramsar site is not merely an environmental obligation but a prerequisite for urban resilience, climate adaptation, and social justice. A participatory, ecosystem-based governance approach is essential to ensure that Deepor Beel continues to function as Guwahati’s ecological lifeline rather than becoming a casualty of unplanned development.