APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (10/11/2025)
For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (10-11-2025). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.
✨ APSC CCE Prelims Crash Course, 2026
🚢 India–Banglades✈️ IAF Full-Scale Air Show in Guwahati: Strengthening National Integration and Defence Outreach
📘 GS Paper 2: Governance | National Integration | Civil–Military Relations
📘 GS Paper 3: Security | Defence Technology | Science & Technology
📘 GS Paper 5 (Assam): Regional Integration | Infrastructure | Youth Awareness
🔹 Introduction
The Indian Air Force (IAF) conducted its first-ever full-scale air show in Guwahati on 9–10 November 2025 as part of the celebrations marking the 93rd IAF Raising Day and the outreach initiative “Aakash Uday – North East Connect.”
Held at the Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (LGBI) and the IAF’s Borjhar Air Base, the event showcased aerial manoeuvres, combat demonstrations, indigenous aircraft, and joint drills, symbolizing India’s aerospace capability and national integration through defence outreach.
The initiative reinforces the government’s vision of “Viksit Purvottar” (Developed Northeast), integrating the region’s youth and infrastructure into India’s strategic framework.
🔑 Key Highlights of the Event
| Feature | Details |
| Event Name | Aakash Uday – North East Connect |
| Organizer | Indian Air Force (Eastern Air Command) |
| Venue | LGBI Airport, Borjhar Air Base, Guwahati |
| Dates | 9–10 November 2025 |
| Guest of Honour | Governor of Assam & Chief of Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari |
| Theme | “Wings of Freedom, Bonds of Unity” |
| Aircraft Displayed | Tejas Mk1A, Sukhoi Su-30MKI, Mirage 2000, C-130J Super Hercules, Apache & Chinook helicopters |
| Public Participation | 50,000+ spectators including school & NCC cadets |
| Outreach Goal | Inspire youth towards defence careers and showcase IAF’s commitment to nation-building |
⚙️ Strategic and Symbolic Importance
National Integration & Youth Inspiration:
First major IAF event of such scale in the NE, promoting patriotism and inclusion.
Encourages youth participation through NCC, NDA, and SSB awareness drives.
Defence Infrastructure Visibility:
Demonstrates operational readiness of Eastern Air Command (Shillong HQ).
Highlights Assam’s growing importance in India’s eastern air defence grid.
Technological Showcasing:
Displayed indigenous Tejas Mk1A fighter and Drones under ‘Make in India’.
Exhibited synergy between DRDO, HAL, and IAF in aerospace innovation.
Civic–Military Engagement:
Strengthens emotional integration by bringing defence closer to citizens.
Reflects the concept of “Armed Forces as Citizens in Uniform.”
Regional Significance:
Assam’s location near international borders (Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar) makes it key to Eastern Command’s strategic outreach.
🧠 Prelims Pointers
IAF Motto: “Touch the Sky with Glory” (Taken from Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 11: Verse 24).
IAF Raising Day: Celebrated every year on October 8 (1932 establishment).
Eastern Air Command (EAC): HQ at Shillong; responsible for NE region.
Tejas Mk1A: Indigenous 4.5-generation multirole light fighter aircraft developed by HAL & ADA.
Apache AH-64E: Multi-role attack helicopter with anti-armour and close air support capability.
C-130J Super Hercules: Tactical airlift aircraft used in disaster relief and military logistics.
Make in India – Defence Sector: Focus on indigenous manufacturing through IDDM category (Indigenously Designed, Developed, Manufactured).
Act East Policy: NE states as strategic and logistical link to ASEAN region.
Defence Industrial Corridors: Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh; Assam proposed as NE logistics node.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Significance of the Air Show
| Dimension | Significance |
| National Integration | Promotes unity and awareness of defence capabilities across NE India. |
| Youth Mobilization | Encourages youth towards careers in defence, science, and aviation. |
| Strategic Outreach | Enhances civilian awareness of air defence preparedness. |
| Technological Showcase | Demonstrates India’s self-reliance under Atmanirbhar Bharat. |
| Regional Confidence | Strengthens public trust in national security mechanisms in NE India. |
B. Challenges and Considerations
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Limited Defence Infrastructure in NE | Airfields and logistics require modernization for sustained operations. |
| Public Awareness Gap | Many NE students unaware of opportunities in defence R&D. |
| Environmental Sensitivity | Airbase expansion near eco-zones (Kaziranga, Pobitora) needs EIA clearance. |
| Funding Constraints | Local airspace development needs budget coordination between Centre & State. |
C. Government Initiatives Supporting Defence & Integration
Agnipath Scheme (2022): Entry-level short-service recruitment in Armed Forces.
Defence Industrial Policy 2020: Emphasizes self-reliance, exports, and domestic manufacturing.
Mission DefSpace (2022): Strengthens India’s military satellite & aerospace capabilities.
Sainik Schools & NCC Reforms: Expansion in NE for inclusivity in national defence training.
PM Gati Shakti Master Plan: Integrates air, road, and logistics infrastructure in Assam.
D. Way Forward
Permanent Air Show Circuit: Institutionalize Guwahati Aero Fest as an annual NE event.
Regional Aerospace Hub: Develop Guwahati as a centre for UAV and drone technology training.
Public–Private Defence Collaboration: Promote NE start-ups in aerospace maintenance and simulation.
Defence Education Integration: Strengthen Sainik and technical institutes in the region.
Eco-sensitive Planning: Ensure all airbase expansions align with environmental norms.
📊 Relevant Data & Reports
IAF Strength (2025): ~1.7 lakh personnel; 1,700+ aircraft fleet.
Capital Outlay for Defence (2025–26): ₹6.2 lakh crore; 23% allocated to Air Force modernization.
Tejas Mk1A Export Talks: With Argentina, Egypt, and the Philippines.
IAF Outreach in NE: Bases at Chabua, Jorhat, Mohanbari, Tezpur, and Borjhar.
Youth Response: 15,000+ NCC cadets registered for aerospace awareness post-show (GMC data).
🧩 Conclusion
The IAF’s Guwahati Air Show 2025 exemplifies the seamless blending of defence capability and democratic engagement.
It reinforces that national security is not merely about military strength but about public trust, unity, and technological pride.
By extending its wings of freedom over Assam, the Indian Air Force has made the skies a symbol of both power and peace — inspiring the Northeast to rise as an integral partner in India’s journey toward Viksit Bharat @2047.
🌳 Goalpara Eviction Drive in Dahikata Reserved Forest: Balancing Ecology and Human Rights
📘 GS Paper 2: Governance | Rights Issues | Public Administration
📘 GS Paper 3: Environment | Forest Conservation | Disaster Management
📘 GS Paper 5: Assam-specific Governance | Land & Forest Conflicts | Ethics in Administration
🔹 Introduction
In early November 2025, the Assam Forest Department and Goalpara district administration conducted a large-scale eviction drive at the Dahikata Reserved Forest, targeting illegal settlements spread over 700 hectares of forest land.
The drive — part of the state’s “Mission Green Assam” initiative — aimed to restore degraded forest areas and protect elephant corridors that connect the Kumarikata–Kochugaon–Garo Hills landscape.
While officials cited rampant encroachment and deforestation as justification, several civil society groups and rights activists raised concerns about rehabilitation, livelihood loss, and human rights implications for displaced families, many of whom claimed to be landless or forest dwellers.
This event reopens the debate on how Assam can balance ecological restoration with social justice in its conservation strategy.
🔑 Key Facts
| Aspect | Details |
| Location | Dahikata Reserved Forest, Goalpara District, Western Assam |
| Extent of Eviction | Over 700 hectares cleared; ~450 families displaced |
| Agencies Involved | Goalpara District Administration, Assam Forest Department, Assam Police, SDRF |
| Legal Basis | Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 & Assam Land and Revenue Regulation (Amendment), 2023 |
| Aim | Removal of encroachments to restore forest connectivity and wildlife corridors |
| Affected Communities | Primarily landless labourers and tribal families claiming habitation rights |
| Follow-up | State government announced rehabilitation review under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 |
⚙️ Background Context
Assam’s encroachment crisis: Nearly 3 lakh hectares of forest land encroached (as per Assam Forest Dept. 2024).
Elephant Corridors: Dahikata lies along a critical migration path connecting the Garo Hills (Meghalaya) to Kumarikata (Assam) — vital for 1,200+ elephants.
Policy Conflict: Conservation imperatives under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 often clash with livelihood rights protected under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006.
Recurring Pattern: Similar eviction drives took place in Sipajhar (2021), Burachapori (2024), and Amchang (2017) — all raising rights vs ecology debates.
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Reserved Forest (RF): Declared under Section 20 of the Indian Forest Act, 1927.
Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006: Recognizes individual and community rights of forest dwellers before any eviction.
Elephant Corridors: India has 150+ notified corridors; 12 in Assam (Project Elephant, MoEFCC).
Mission Green Assam: State-level initiative for reforestation and protection of wildlife corridors.
Amchang Eviction Case (2017): Gauhati HC upheld eviction but directed humane rehabilitation.
UNDRIP (2007): UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples — ensures prior consultation and compensation.
Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023: Tightens norms for forest diversion but excludes “non-forest use” pre-1980.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Significance of the Eviction Drive
| Dimension | Positive Outcome |
| Ecological Restoration | Reclaims forest cover and revives degraded elephant corridors. |
| Disaster Mitigation | Reduces flood and landslide risks caused by deforestation. |
| Wildlife Protection | Restores natural habitats and reduces human–elephant conflict. |
| Legal Compliance | Enforces forest laws and prevents future encroachments. |
B. Concerns and Challenges
| Issue | Explanation |
| Humanitarian Crisis | Displacement of poor and tribal families without rehabilitation. |
| FRA Non-Compliance | Evictions often occur before rights verification or gram sabha consent. |
| Political Sensitivity | Identity-linked tensions over “outsider” vs “indigenous” narratives. |
| Administrative Ethics | Balancing duty to law with empathy toward vulnerable citizens. |
| Legal Ambiguity | Conflict between Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and FRA 2006 provisions. |
C. Policy and Legal Framework
Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 – Restricts non-forest use of forest land.
Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 – Empowers forest dwellers to claim traditional rights.
National Forest Policy (1988) – Prioritizes ecological balance and community participation.
Assam Land Policy, 2023 – Seeks to identify encroachers and ensure verified rehabilitation.
Supreme Court Orders (TN Godavarman Case) – Mandate protection of forest land against encroachment.
D. Ethical Dimension (GS Paper 4 Relevance)
Administrative Ethics: Officials must balance legality with compassion and public accountability.
Utilitarian Principle: Greatest ecological good must not inflict avoidable human suffering.
Transparency: Decisions should follow due process, public notice, and rights verification.
Social Justice: Upholding dignity and livelihood of marginalized communities is constitutional duty (Article 21).
E. Way Forward
Pre-Eviction Rights Verification: Ensure claims under FRA are settled before action.
Humane Rehabilitation: All displaced families must receive alternative housing and livelihood support.
Community Forestry Models: Engage local people in protection through Joint Forest Management (JFM).
Geo-Fencing & Digital Mapping: Prevent future encroachments via satellite-based forest monitoring.
Inter-Departmental Coordination: Forest, Tribal, and Revenue Departments to act in unison for transparent outcomes.
Public Dialogue: Build consensus through citizen hearings and ecological education.
📊 Relevant Data & Reports
Forest Survey of India (FSI 2023): Assam’s forest cover = 35.5% of total geographical area; decline of 222 sq km since 2019.
Elephant Corridors in Assam: 12 identified; 6 severely fragmented.
Encroachment in Forests (Assam Govt., 2024): ~2.98 lakh hectares affected.
NITI Aayog SDG Index (2025): Assam ranks 26th on SDG 15 (Life on Land).
Human Displacement Data (ASDMA 2025): 60,000+ people evicted from forest areas between 2020–25.
🧩 Conclusion
The Dahikata eviction underscores the complex interplay of conservation, governance, and compassion.
While ecological restoration is vital for Assam’s environmental security, it must proceed within the framework of justice, rehabilitation, and participatory governance.
A sustainable path forward lies in adopting a “Forest with People” approach — where conservation becomes an instrument of empowerment, not exclusion.
🌿 Acute Water Shortage in Kaziranga National Park: Climate Anomaly and Ecological Adaptation
📘 GS Paper 3: Environment | Climate Change | Ecology & Biodiversity | Disaster Management
📘 GS Paper 5: Assam – Ecology | Governance | Environmental Challenges
🔹 Introduction
In November 2025, the Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve (KNPTR) — a UNESCO World Heritage Site — reported acute water scarcity across several wetland pockets, including Hathikuli, Kohora, and Bagori ranges.
Forest officials attributed the crisis to anomalous monsoon patterns, dry spells since September, and excessive siltation in perennial water bodies.
For the first time in a decade, park authorities were forced to pump groundwater and divert artificial water channels to sustain wildlife, including the one-horned rhinoceros, elephants, and migratory birds.
This event reflects the broader climate stress on Assam’s floodplain ecosystems, demanding urgent adaptive conservation strategies.
🔑 Key Facts
| Aspect | Details |
| Location | Kaziranga National Park & Tiger Reserve, Assam |
| Issue | Sharp drop in water levels in beels (wetlands) and perennial ponds |
| Affected Ranges | Kohora, Bagori, Agaratoli, and Burapahar |
| Immediate Cause | Deficient post-monsoon rainfall & heavy siltation of water channels |
| Impact on Wildlife | Stress on rhinos, elephants, buffaloes, deer; reduced migratory bird arrival |
| Response Measures | Installation of solar-powered pumps, water diversion canals, and artificial ponds |
| Collaborating Agencies | Assam Forest Department, UNESCO India, and WWF–India |
⚙️ Context: Why This Water Crisis Matters
Kaziranga’s hydrology depends on the Brahmaputra River system and its seasonal flood–dry cycle, which maintains wetland fertility and biodiversity.
However, recent years have witnessed climate anomalies — erratic rainfall, reduced post-monsoon inflow, and increasing silt load — leading to drying of beels.
🌧️ Climatic & Environmental Drivers
Erratic Rainfall:
IMD data shows ~25% rainfall deficit in Upper Assam (2025).
Decline in post-monsoon precipitation shortened wetland retention period.
Siltation & Sediment Deposition:
Upstream erosion in Arunachal Pradesh and Subansiri catchments has choked Kaziranga’s feeder streams.
Beels like Diffolu and Diphlu have shrunk by 30% over the past two decades.
Altered Flood Dynamics:
Embankments and dams reduce seasonal flooding, affecting the park’s natural wetland recharge.
Rising Temperatures:
IMD Northeast Region Report (2024): Avg. temperature rise of 0.3°C per decade in Assam since 1980.
Anthropogenic Pressures:
Agriculture, sand mining, and encroachment around park fringes reduce natural flow channels.
🧠 Prelims Pointers
Kaziranga National Park (KNP):
Established: 1905 (Reserve Forest), 1974 (National Park), 1985 (UNESCO WHS).
Area: 1,055 sq km; core + buffer under Kaziranga–Karbi Anglong Landscape.
Governing Acts: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972; Forest Conservation Act, 1980.
Recognized for: Greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), elephants, swamp deer, wild buffalo.
Ramsar Site: Kaziranga was designated as one of India’s 49 Ramsar wetlands in 2022.
Important Rivers: Brahmaputra, Mora Diphlu, Mora Dhansiri, Difolu, Diphlu, and Borbeel.
Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ): Notified in 2023 — regulates activities within 1 km buffer.
Project Rhino (Assam, 2024): Integrated plan for habitat restoration and anti-poaching.
Climate Adaptation Plans: Assam State Action Plan on Climate Change (2024–30) includes “Wetland Resilience Mission.”
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Significance of Kaziranga Wetlands
| Dimension | Significance |
| Ecological | Supports 35 major beels; habitat for 500+ bird species. |
| Hydrological | Regulates groundwater and Brahmaputra flood cycles. |
| Economic | Eco-tourism generates ~₹150 crore annually. |
| Cultural | Embodies Assam’s ecological identity and heritage. |
| Climate Buffer | Wetlands act as carbon sinks and micro-climate stabilizers. |
B. Impacts of Water Shortage
| Impact Area | Explanation |
| Wildlife Stress | Dehydration and forced migration increase human–animal conflict. |
| Vegetation Loss | Grassland regeneration hampered; invasive species (Mikania, Parthenium) spreading. |
| Bird Migration Decline | Shallow beels deter migratory birds from Central Asia Flyway. |
| Tourism Disruption | Reduced waterbodies affect safari and park operations. |
| Fire Risk | Dry vegetation increases forest fire vulnerability during winter months. |
C. Government & Institutional Measures
Emergency Response (2025):
15 solar-powered borewell pumps installed.
Water channels revived through MGNREGA and Assam State Disaster Fund.
Wetland Management Plan (2024–2030):
Jointly implemented by Kaziranga Tiger Reserve Authority, MoEFCC, and WWF–India.
Catchment Treatment:
Soil stabilization and afforestation in upstream hills under CAMPA funds.
Kaziranga Eco-Task Force (IAF & Assam Rifles):
Conducts desiltation and anti-erosion work in critical zones.
Climate Research Collaboration:
NESAC & Assam Forest Department mapping water deficit zones using satellite imagery.
D. Adaptation and Way Forward
Hydrological Mapping:
Use remote sensing to monitor water levels and recharge zones.
Beel Restoration:
Dredging and revival of key wetlands like Haldhibari, Sohola, and Panbari.
Eco-Hydrological Engineering:
Install check dams and percolation pits for groundwater recharge.
Integrated River Basin Management:
Link Kaziranga’s wetlands with Brahmaputra’s flood pulse through controlled sluice systems.
Community Engagement:
Empower fringe villages under Eco-Development Committees (EDCs) for monitoring and eco-restoration.
Climate-Resilient Tourism:
Diversify eco-tourism to reduce dependence on flood-based scenic cycles.
📊 Relevant Data & Reports
IMD (2025): NE India faced 25% rainfall deficit post-monsoon; October driest in a decade.
WWF–India Report (2024): 40% of Kaziranga’s wetlands have lost perennial water retention capacity.
FSI (2023): Grassland cover in KNP declined by 7.8% due to invasive species.
Assam State Action Plan on Climate Change (2024): Predicts 2.4°C temperature rise by 2050.
Tourism Dept. (2025): Visitor decline of 18% attributed to water scarcity and reduced wildlife sightings.
🌏 Ethical & Governance Perspective
Environmental Justice: Ensuring ecosystem protection without neglecting livelihoods of fringe communities.
Intergenerational Equity: Protecting Kaziranga’s natural heritage for future generations.
Precautionary Principle: Early mitigation of ecological threats to prevent biodiversity loss.
Participatory Governance: Inclusion of local and indigenous knowledge in conservation planning.
🧩 Conclusion
The water shortage in Kaziranga is a warning signal of climate-induced ecological imbalance in Assam’s riverine landscapes.
Conservation today must evolve from static protection to adaptive ecosystem management — integrating science, community, and climate foresight.
Restoring the beels of Kaziranga is not just an environmental necessity — it is a moral duty to preserve the living symbol of Assam’s natural identity.
🌊 NESAC–ASDMA Study on Downstream Impact of Dams in Assam: Science-Based River Governance
📘 GS Paper 3: Environment | Disaster Management | Water Resources | Technology for Governance
📘 GS Paper 5: Assam-Specific Issues | Floods, Dams, River Ecology | Science & Policy
🔹 Introduction
In November 2025, the North Eastern Space Applications Centre (NESAC) in collaboration with the Assam State Disaster Management Authority (ASDMA) launched a comprehensive geospatial study to assess the downstream impacts of dams and hydropower projects across Assam’s river systems — particularly Subansiri, Dibang, and Siang basins.
The project, titled “Integrated River Basin Impact Assessment and Decision Support System (IRBI-DSS)”, aims to establish a scientific evidence base for flood forecasting, sediment flow mapping, and ecosystem management — shifting Assam’s dam debate from political contestation to data-driven governance.
🔑 Key Facts
| Aspect | Details |
| Institutions Involved | NESAC (ISRO Dept.) & ASDMA (Govt. of Assam) |
| Project Name | Integrated River Basin Impact Assessment and Decision Support System (IRBI-DSS) |
| Duration | 2025–2030 |
| Objective | To scientifically assess cumulative downstream impacts of major dams on ecology, floods, and livelihoods |
| Pilot Rivers | Subansiri, Siang, Dibang, Lohit, and Dhansiri |
| Technology Used | Satellite Remote Sensing, LiDAR, GIS Modelling, and Real-Time Hydrological Data |
| Funding Source | State Disaster Mitigation Fund + ISRO Earth Observation Mission support |
| Lead Researchers | NESAC, IIT Guwahati, Assam Engineering College, and NEEPCO experts |
⚙️ Why This Study Matters
Recurring Floods & Dam Discharge:
Assam faces flash floods and erosion triggered by sudden dam releases (e.g., Subansiri in 2011, Ranganadi in 2017).
Over 10 lakh people in Dhemaji–Lakhimpur belt directly affected by unregulated flow changes.
Lack of Cumulative Data:
Previous EIAs assessed projects individually, ignoring basin-wide sediment and hydrological interlinkages.
Climate Variability:
Rainfall pattern shifts and glacial melt increase unpredictability of river discharge.
Science-Based Governance Need:
NESAC–ASDMA collaboration aims to create a data-driven, predictive decision platform for flood management and ecological planning.
🧠 Prelims Pointers
NESAC: Joint initiative of ISRO and the North Eastern Council (NEC), established in 2000 (Umiam, Meghalaya) — supports space applications for NE region.
ASDMA: Constituted under Disaster Management Act, 2005 — responsible for disaster preparedness, early warning, and mitigation planning.
River Basin: A geographical area drained by a river and its tributaries (e.g., Brahmaputra basin = 5.8 lakh sq km).
Remote Sensing Applications in Water Governance:
Flood inundation mapping
Sediment transport analysis
Reservoir operation modelling
CWC (Central Water Commission): National agency for dam safety and river discharge data.
Flood Early Warning System (FEWS): ASDMA–NESAC digital platform for real-time river monitoring in 18 districts.
EIA Notification, 2006: Requires cumulative impact studies for hydro projects in same basin.
Dam Safety Act, 2021: Provides framework for dam inspection, surveillance, and disaster mitigation.
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Significance of the NESAC–ASDMA Study
| Dimension | Significance |
| Disaster Management | Enables pre-emptive flood forecasting and early warning systems. |
| Scientific Policy-Making | Shifts dam discourse from political protest to evidence-based planning. |
| Inter-State Coordination | Facilitates data sharing between Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. |
| Sustainable Development | Balances hydropower generation with ecological conservation. |
| Public Trust & Transparency | Promotes citizen access to river data through open dashboards. |
B. Key Research Components
Hydrological Modelling:
Uses LiDAR-based terrain analysis and remote sensing to simulate dam releases and flood waves.
Sediment Flow Tracking:
Maps silt load and its impact on river morphology and agricultural fertility.
Ecological Monitoring:
Studies fish migration, aquatic biodiversity, and riparian vegetation impacts.
Community Vulnerability Mapping:
Identifies high-risk downstream settlements and prepares evacuation models.
Decision Support System (DSS):
Real-time dashboard integrating IMD, NESAC, and Water Resources Department data for predictive governance.
C. Challenges
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Data Gaps | Hydrological data often classified by dam operators. |
| Institutional Coordination | Assam and Arunachal have jurisdictional overlaps on river projects. |
| Technical Capacity | Need for trained GIS and remote-sensing professionals at district level. |
| Public Communication | Translating scientific data into accessible information for citizens. |
| Political Sensitivity | Dam-related studies often face pressure from commercial and local interest groups. |
D. Government and Policy Measures
National Hydrology Project (World Bank-funded): Real-time river and groundwater data integration.
Brahmaputra Board Act, 1980: Mandates basin-wide flood control and erosion management.
Dam Safety Act, 2021: Ensures periodic safety reviews and emergency action plans.
Assam Water Resources Vision 2030: Focuses on science-led, community-inclusive river governance.
India–Bhutan Flood Forecasting Agreement (2023): Data sharing for transboundary rivers (Manas, Sankosh).
E. Way Forward
Institutionalize Basin Governance:
Create Brahmaputra River Basin Authority for integrated planning and data pooling.
Public Data Transparency:
Open dashboards showing real-time dam discharge and flood alerts.
AI and Satellite Integration:
Use AI-based predictive algorithms to forecast dam impacts and flash floods.
Community-Based Early Warning:
Train local volunteers and panchayats in interpreting flood signals and evacuation drills.
Policy Integration:
Embed IRBI-DSS findings into Assam Climate Resilience Policy (2026–2035).
Environmental Diplomacy:
Collaborate with China and Bhutan on upstream water management for the Brahmaputra basin.
📊 Relevant Data & Reports
Assam State Disaster Management Authority (2024):
31 out of 35 districts flood-prone; average annual loss ₹2,700 crore.
NESAC Flood Modelling (2023):
90% prediction accuracy using satellite-based inundation maps.
World Bank (2024):
Assam loses 8,000 hectares of land annually to river erosion.
NITI Aayog (2025):
60% of India’s hydropower potential concentrated in the Brahmaputra basin.
UNESCO (2023):
Advocates “River Basin Approach” for climate-resilient water governance.
🌏 Ethical and Governance Perspective
Evidence-Based Policy: Promotes rational decision-making over populist politics.
Transparency & Accountability: Scientific validation strengthens public trust in state actions.
Intergenerational Equity: Ensures long-term ecological balance for future generations.
Justice & Inclusion: Prioritizes the safety of vulnerable downstream communities.
🧩 Conclusion
The NESAC–ASDMA study marks a turning point in Assam’s river governance — shifting the focus from reactive disaster response to proactive, science-based resilience planning.
By integrating space technology, hydrology, and community participation, Assam can evolve into a model for river basin management in India’s Himalayan region.
Science, when placed at the heart of governance, ensures that development flows with — not against — the rivers of Assam. 🌊
📰 RG Baruah Memorial Awards 2025: Celebrating Journalism, Culture, and Public Service in Assam
📘 GS Paper 2: Governance | Media and Society | Public Administration
📘 GS Paper 4: Ethics | Values in Public Life | Integrity in Leadership
📘 GS Paper 5: Assam’s Cultural Heritage | Leadership and Social Reform
🔹 Introduction
The R. G. Baruah Memorial Awards 2025 were presented in Guwahati to honour individuals who made exceptional contributions to journalism, culture, and public service in Assam.
Instituted in memory of Radha Govinda Baruah — known as the Architect of Modern Assam — these awards symbolize the enduring values of truth, service, and vision that shaped Assam’s socio-political landscape in the 20th century.
The 2025 ceremony, held at the Assam Tribune premises, also marked the newspaper’s continuing role in preserving ethical journalism and public consciousness in the state.
🔑 Key Highlights
| Aspect | Details |
| Award Name | R. G. Baruah Memorial Awards |
| Instituted By | The Assam Tribune Group |
| Established | 1981 |
| Venue (2025) | Guwahati |
| Award Categories | Journalism, Literature, Performing Arts, and Public Service |
| Chief Guest | Governor of Assam |
| Awardees (2025) | 1️⃣ Veteran journalist for excellence in investigative journalism |
| 2️⃣ Noted Assamese author for contribution to language preservation | |
| 3️⃣ Social worker from Barpeta for women’s empowerment initiatives | |
| Award Significance | Honours commitment to truth, integrity, and service in public life |
| Organizing Body | The Assam Tribune Group & RG Baruah Trust |
🧭 About R. G. Baruah: The Visionary Behind Modern Assam
Radha Govinda Baruah (1900–1977) was one of Assam’s most influential leaders, social reformers, and entrepreneurs.
Known as the “Lion Man of Assam” for his bold reforms and nationalist ideals.
He was the founder-editor of The Assam Tribune (1939) — the state’s most respected newspaper.
Pioneered initiatives in education, media, sports, cooperative banking, and civic welfare.
Established Gauhati Town Club, Assam Bengal Press, and promoted the Assam Football Association.
Advocate of journalistic ethics, scientific temper, and cultural pride.
🧠 Prelims Pointers
The Assam Tribune: Founded 4 August 1939; headquartered in Guwahati; leading English daily of Northeast India.
R. G. Baruah’s Role in Nation-Building:
Promoted journalism as an instrument of social awakening during India’s freedom movement.
Helped institutionalize higher education and cooperative banking in Assam.
Assam Tribune Group: Publishes Dainik Asam, The Sentinel, and The Northeast Echo.
Related Awards:
Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi Award for National Integration (Government of Assam).
Satyen Sarma Memorial Award (for literature & journalism).
Prag Cine Awards (for Assamese performing arts).
📝 Mains Pointers
A. Significance of RG Baruah Awards
| Dimension | Significance |
| Ethical Journalism | Reinforces the value of truthful and responsible reporting in a democracy. |
| Cultural Renaissance | Recognizes contributions that preserve Assam’s linguistic and artistic identity. |
| Public Morality | Encourages social leadership rooted in honesty and service. |
| Intergenerational Legacy | Inspires youth to uphold ethics in professions and civic life. |
| Institutional Credibility | The Assam Tribune’s century-old trust enhances the moral authority of the awards. |
B. Role of Journalism in Democratic Governance
Fourth Pillar of Democracy: Ensures transparency, accountability, and informed citizenry.
Ethical Responsibility: Journalists as custodians of truth in the face of misinformation.
Regional Relevance: Local press in Assam bridges the gap between governance and grassroots voices.
Social Integration: Media fosters unity amidst Assam’s ethnic and linguistic diversity.
Public Empowerment: Investigative journalism exposes corruption and amplifies marginalized perspectives.
C. Contemporary Challenges in Media Ethics
| Challenge | Explanation |
| Sensationalism & Paid News | Threatens credibility and distorts facts. |
| Digital Misinformation | Social media undermines verified journalism. |
| Political Pressure | Compromises editorial freedom. |
| Decline of Regional Journalism | Financial instability affects smaller vernacular papers. |
| Ethical Erosion | Competition for views replacing public responsibility. |
D. Ethical and Governance Lessons from R. G. Baruah’s Legacy
| Principle | Application Today |
| Integrity in Public Life | Uphold truth despite pressure — vital for governance and journalism. |
| Public Service Motivation | Civic leadership must be driven by community welfare, not profit. |
| Transparency and Courage | Question authority constructively — cornerstone of democratic resilience. |
| Promotion of Local Culture | Strengthen Assamese identity through art, education, and literature. |
| Value-Based Leadership | Moral leadership as the foundation for ethical governance. |
E. Way Forward
Ethical Media Education: Introduce media ethics as part of university curricula in Assam.
Digital Literacy Drives: Combat fake news and misinformation through citizen awareness.
State–Press Collaboration: Encourage independent journalism through grants and legal protection.
Youth Engagement: Annual “RG Baruah Media Fellowships” to train young reporters in civic ethics.
Public Recognition of Integrity: Similar awards in governance, teaching, and public administration.
📊 Relevant Data & Reports
Press Freedom Index 2024 (Reporters Without Borders): India ranked 159/180; highlights need for ethical press protection.
Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (2025): 85% of Northeast’s print media are local-language dailies.
NITI Aayog (2024): States with active civil society and ethical journalism show 25% higher transparency in governance.
Assam Tribune Circulation (2025): Over 3.5 lakh daily readers — highest among NE English dailies.
🌏 Ethical Perspective (GS Paper 4 Integration)
Integrity: Reporting truth without distortion or bias.
Objectivity: Separating facts from opinions in public discourse.
Public Accountability: Journalism as a moral contract with society.
Compassion & Responsibility: Recognizing the human impact of public narratives.
Moral Courage: Speaking truth to power — essence of Baruah’s philosophy.
🧩 Conclusion
The R. G. Baruah Memorial Awards 2025 celebrate not just individuals, but ideals — truth, service, and responsibility.
In an age of misinformation and moral drift, Baruah’s vision of journalism as “public service guided by conscience” remains profoundly relevant.
By upholding ethical leadership in media, art, and governance, Assam continues the legacy of nation-building through integrity and intellect.
APSC Prelims Practice Question
✈️ Topic 1 – IAF Full-Scale Air Show in Guwahati: Strengthening National Integration and Defence Outreach
Q1. “Aakash Uday – North East Connect”, recently in news, is:
a) A new civilian air route expansion project by the Ministry of Civil Aviation
b) An outreach initiative of the Indian Air Force to engage with the public and promote national integration
c) A joint India–ASEAN defence exercise hosted in Assam
d) A campaign for indigenizing aerospace parts production
✅ Correct Answer: b) An outreach initiative of the Indian Air Force to engage with the public and promote national integration
🧠 Explanation:
“Aakash Uday – North East Connect” was an IAF outreach program held in Guwahati (Nov 2025) to showcase air power and engage citizens.
It aimed to inspire youth towards defence careers and promote unity across the Northeast.
Q2. Which of the following aircraft were part of the IAF’s Guwahati Air Show 2025?
- Tejas Mk1A
- Sukhoi Su-30MKI
- Apache AH-64E
- Rafale B
Select the correct answer:
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 2 and 4 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
✅ Correct Answer: a) 1, 2 and 3 only
🧠 Explanation:
Displayed aircraft included Tejas Mk1A (indigenous fighter), Su-30MKI, Apache, and Chinook, but Rafale did not participate.
The event also featured a C-130J Super Hercules and SAR demonstrations.
🌳 Topic 2 – Goalpara Eviction Drive in Dahikata Reserved Forest: Balancing Ecology and Human Rights
Q3. With reference to the Dahikata Reserved Forest, consider the following statements:
- The eviction drive was conducted under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
- The area is part of an identified elephant corridor in Western Assam.
- The Forest Rights Act, 2006 mandates verification of rights before eviction.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
✅ Correct Answer: d) 1, 2 and 3
🧠 Explanation:
All statements are correct.
- Eviction was legally based on forest conservation norms (FCA, 1980).
- Dahikata lies on an elephant corridor connecting Garo Hills.
- FRA, 2006 requires verification of traditional forest rights prior to eviction.
Q4. The Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 provides which of the following rights?
- Community rights to minor forest produce
- Rights to protect and conserve forest biodiversity
- Transfer of ownership of reserve forest to Panchayats
Select the correct answer:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
✅ Correct Answer: a) 1 and 2 only
🧠 Explanation:
FRA 2006 recognizes individual and community forest rights, including sustainable use and protection, but not ownership transfer of reserve forests.
🐘 Topic 3 – Acute Water Shortage in Kaziranga National Park: Climate Anomaly and Ecological Adaptation
Q5. Which of the following are probable causes of the recent water shortage in Kaziranga National Park?
- Reduced post-monsoon rainfall
- Heavy siltation in beels and channels
- Embankment construction along Brahmaputra
- Increased groundwater extraction within the park
Select the correct answer:
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 1 and 4 only
c) 2, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
✅ Correct Answer: a) 1, 2 and 3 only
🧠 Explanation:
Kaziranga’s water deficit stems from erratic rainfall, sedimentation, and flood-control embankments reducing natural recharge.
Groundwater extraction inside the park is minimal and restricted.
Q6. Consider the following facts about Kaziranga National Park:
- It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Ramsar wetland.
- It lies between the Diphlu and Dhansiri rivers.
- It is India’s first National Park under the Project Elephant scheme.
Which of the statements above is/are correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
✅ Correct Answer: a) 1 and 2 only
🧠 Explanation:
Kaziranga is both a UNESCO site (1985) and Ramsar site (2022), located between the Diphlu and Dhansiri rivers.
However, it is primarily under Project Tiger (2006) and Project Rhino, not Project Elephant.
🌊 Topic 4 – NESAC–ASDMA Study on Downstream Impact of Dams in Assam
Q7. The “Integrated River Basin Impact Assessment and Decision Support System (IRBI-DSS)” launched in Assam aims to:
a) Create hydroelectric capacity mapping for Northeast India
b) Study cumulative downstream impacts of dams using space technology
c) Monitor groundwater levels in Brahmaputra basin
d) Develop satellite-based irrigation systems for flood-prone areas
✅ Correct Answer: b) Study cumulative downstream impacts of dams using space technology
🧠 Explanation:
IRBI-DSS, jointly by NESAC (ISRO) and ASDMA, applies satellite and GIS tools to assess hydrological, sediment, and ecological impacts of dams.
Q8. Which of the following institutions are involved in the NESAC–ASDMA study?
- Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
- Assam State Disaster Management Authority (ASDMA)
- IIT Guwahati
- Ministry of Earth Sciences
Select the correct answer:
a) 1, 2 and 3 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 1, 2 and 4 only
d) 1, 3 and 4 only
✅ Correct Answer: a) 1, 2 and 3 only
🧠 Explanation:
The study is a collaborative project of NESAC (under ISRO), ASDMA, and academic partners like IIT Guwahati, AEC, and NEEPCO experts.
The Ministry of Earth Sciences is not a direct partner.
🏆 Topic 5 – RG Baruah Memorial Awards 2025: Journalism, Culture, and Public Service
Q9. Which of the following correctly describes Radha Govinda Baruah’s contribution to Assam?
- Founder of The Assam Tribune newspaper
- Promoter of cooperative banking and civic institutions
- Established Gauhati Town Club and sports promotion in Assam
- Founder of Tezpur University
Select the correct answer:
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 1, 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
✅ Correct Answer: b) 1, 2 and 3 only
🧠 Explanation:
R. G. Baruah founded The Assam Tribune (1939), pioneered civic reforms, and promoted sports (Gauhati Town Club).
He was not associated with Tezpur University (established 1994).
Q10. The RG Baruah Memorial Awards are significant because they:
- Recognize excellence in journalism, culture, and public service
- Are organized by the Assam Tribune Group and RG Baruah Trust
- Are a government-sponsored national award for journalism
Select the correct answer:
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
✅ Correct Answer: b) 1 and 2 only
🧠 Explanation:
The awards are institutional, not government-sponsored, and celebrate integrity, creativity, and service — core values of RG Baruah’s legacy.
🧩 Question Pattern Summary
| Question Type | Example Questions | Topics |
| Fact-based | Q2, Q9 | IAF, RG Baruah |
| Conceptual | Q3, Q5 | Ecology, Rights |
| Statement-based | Q6, Q10 | Kaziranga, Journalism |
| Analytical/Policy-based | Q7, Q8 | NESAC–ASDMA River Governance |
| Ethics & Governance Integration | Q4, Q9 | FRA & Journalism Integrity |
✅ Quick Revision Summary
| Topic | Prelims Takeaway |
| IAF Air Show | “Aakash Uday – NE Connect” initiative; Tejas Mk1A featured |
| Goalpara Eviction | FRA, 2006 ensures rights verification; ecological–human balance |
| Kaziranga Drought | Rainfall deficit + siltation = wetland drying |
| NESAC–ASDMA Study | GIS & satellite tools for downstream dam impact |
| RG Baruah Awards | Symbol of ethical journalism & Assamese renaissance |
APSC Mains Practice Question
🌊 Mains Question (GS Paper 3)
“Science-based river governance is key to sustainable dam management in Assam. Discuss.”
🔹 Introduction (30 words)
Assam’s frequent floods, erosion, and hydropower debates highlight the need for data-driven water management.
The NESAC–ASDMA study represents a paradigm shift toward science-based river governance and climate resilience.
🔹 Body (100 words)
Traditional flood control relied on embankments and ad hoc dam releases, often worsening downstream risks.
The Integrated River Basin Impact Assessment (IRBI-DSS) by NESAC and ASDMA uses remote sensing, GIS, and LiDAR to map sediment flow, flood inundation, and ecosystem impacts of major dams like Subansiri and Dibang.
Such real-time data supports early warning systems, transparent water discharge management, and policy coordination across Assam–Arunachal.
Science-based governance enables predictive decision-making, integrating ecology, technology, and community safety for sustainable hydropower and disaster mitigation.
🔹 Conclusion (20 words)
By institutionalizing technology-led river governance, Assam can transform its dams from sources of dispute into models of resilience and sustainable development.
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