Table of Contents

APSC Answer Writing (Daily) based on Assam Tribune – 27/10/2025

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, practicing Daily Answer Writing is vital. This blog covers the most important Main question and its model Answer from the Assam Tribune today (27-10-2025).

🧭 Mains Question (GS Paper 3 / GS Paper 5 – Assam Context)

“Judicial activism has become a critical tool for strengthening environmental governance in India. Discuss with reference to the recent Gauhati High Court ruling on Kaziranga National Park.”

🔹 Introduction (40–50 words)

Judicial activism in India has evolved as a powerful instrument for enforcing environmental accountability when administrative mechanisms falter. The recent Gauhati High Court order (Oct 2025) directing eviction of encroachments and protection of wildlife corridors in Kaziranga National Park reflects this proactive judicial role in defending ecological integrity and biodiversity.

🔹 Body

1. The Role of Judiciary in Environmental Governance

Dimension	Judicial Contribution
Legal Interpretation	Expanded Article 21 to include the Right to a Healthy Environment (e.g., Subhash Kumar vs State of Bihar, 1991).
Creation of New Doctrines	Public Trust Doctrine (M.C. Mehta vs Kamal Nath), Polluter Pays, Precautionary Principle.
Monitoring & Accountability	NGT and High Courts routinely monitor state compliance on forest, pollution, and wildlife cases.
Protection of Commons	Orders on illegal mining, sand extraction, and encroachments safeguard public ecological resources.

2. Case Study: Kaziranga High Court Judgment (Oct 2025)

Directed immediate eviction of illegal settlers from buffer & ESZ areas.
Ordered geo-tagged mapping of encroachments and rehabilitation for genuine forest dwellers.
Enforced periodic compliance by the Assam Government every 45 days.
Based on Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, EPA 1986, and SC precedents (Godavarman Case).
Reaffirmed judiciary as a custodian of intergenerational equity.

3. Broader Significance

Restores Rule of Environmental Law – Prevents political interference in forest encroachment.
Balances Rights with Responsibilities – Upholds FRA 2006 for genuine dwellers while protecting ecosystems.
Precedent Value – Inspires similar judicial interventions in Manas, Dehing Patkai, and Orang.
Promotes Accountability – Periodic reporting ensures executive compliance and transparency.

4. Limitations

Risk of judicial overreach if courts replace administrative functions.
Implementation hurdles—eviction resistance, inadequate rehabilitation, local political pressures.
Need for institutional capacity in Forest and Revenue departments for follow-up.

🔹 Conclusion (40 words) The Kaziranga ruling epitomizes how judicial activism reinforces environmental governance through legal enforcement, moral authority, and public trust. Yet, enduring conservation success will require the executive’s proactive compliance, community participation, and ecological sensitivity beyond the courtroom’s reach.security firmness, developmental justice, and cooperative diplomacy—transforming the region from a conflict corridor into a connectivity hub.

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