APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (18/03/2025)
For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (18-03-2025). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.
Topic 1: Supreme Court Directs Centre to Complete Delimitation in Northeast
GS Paper 2: Governance, Federalism, Election Reforms
Introduction
The Supreme Court of India has directed the Central Government to complete the delimitation process in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Assam within three months. This decision comes amid concerns over electoral representation, demographic shifts, and administrative efficiency. The delimitation process had been put on hold since 2008 due to law and order concerns, but the 2020 Presidential order lifted the deferment. The court’s intervention underscores the importance of fair electoral representation and regional governance reforms.
Key Points
✅ 1. What is Delimitation?
- Delimitation is the process of redrawing electoral constituency boundaries to ensure equal representation.
- Conducted after every Census to reflect population changes in constituencies.
- Handled by the Delimitation Commission of India, an independent body.
✅ 2. Supreme Court’s Ruling on Northeast Delimitation
- Court granted the Centre three months to complete the exercise in the four northeastern states.
- Highlighted the delay despite the 2020 Presidential order lifting deferment.
- Directed the Election Commission to ensure fair and transparent execution.
✅ 3. Why is Delimitation Important for the Northeast?
- Ensures equal voter representation across constituencies.
- Prevents regional disparities by adjusting seat distribution based on population shifts.
- Addresses concerns of tribal and ethnic communities regarding political representation.
- Improves governance efficiency by aligning electoral maps with demographic realities.
✅ 4. Challenges in Implementing Delimitation in the Northeast
- Ethnic and demographic sensitivities: Fear of dilution of indigenous communities’ political representation.
- Political opposition: Some groups fear power shifts due to boundary changes.
- Law and order concerns: History of protests and violence over representation issues.
- Coordination challenges: Complexities in aligning state laws with national delimitation policies.
Prelims Pointers
- Delimitation Commission: A constitutional body formed under the Delimitation Act to redraw constituency boundaries.
- Article 82: Provides for reallocation of parliamentary constituencies after each Census.
- Article 170: Deals with state legislative assembly seat adjustments post-delimitation.
- Presidential Order (2020): Rescinded the deferment of delimitation in Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Assam, and Nagaland.
- Representation of the People Act, 1950: Governs electoral constituency formation and delimitation procedures.
Mains Pointers
✅ 1. Significance of Delimitation in Strengthening Democracy
🔹 1. Promotes Electoral Equality
- Ensures that all constituencies have a similar voter population.
- Prevents underrepresentation or overrepresentation in legislative bodies.
🔹 2. Enhances Political Stability in the Northeast
- Helps accommodate demographic changes due to migration and urbanization.
- Addresses ethnic and regional imbalances in political representation.
🔹 3. Improves Governance & Development
- Proper delimitation allows better allocation of state and central resources.
- Aligns political representation with socio-economic realities.
🔹 4. Strengthens Tribal & Indigenous Rights
- Helps protect indigenous identity through reserved constituencies.
- Ensures tribal populations have a fair voice in decision-making.
✅ 2. Key Challenges & Potential Solutions
✅ 1. Ethnic & Political Resistance
- Tribal and ethnic groups fear loss of political dominance.
- Solution: Assure safeguards through Scheduled Tribe reservations and special provisions.
✅ 2. Law & Order Issues
- Past experiences show delimitation can trigger protests and unrest.
- Solution: Conduct wide consultations with stakeholders and ensure security measures.
✅ 3. Legal & Administrative Hurdles
- Multiple state laws and existing governance structures may conflict with new boundaries.
- Solution: Establish a Northeast Delimitation Coordination Committee for smooth implementation.
✅ 4. Political Manipulation Risks
- Risk of gerrymandering (manipulating boundaries for electoral advantage).
- Solution: Ensure strict oversight by the Delimitation Commission & judiciary.
Way Forward
✅ 1. Conduct Transparent Consultations
- Engage local communities, political parties, and tribal bodies.
- Address concerns over representation and ethnic identities.
✅ 2. Ensure Security & Stability During Implementation
- Deploy neutral security forces to prevent unrest.
- Use public awareness campaigns to clarify delimitation objectives.
✅ 3. Strengthen Legal & Institutional Frameworks
- Provide clear guidelines on seat allocations and constituency reservations.
- Establish a Northeast Delimitation Monitoring Cell for smooth execution.
✅ 4. Promote Inclusive Development & Representation
- Ensure fair resource distribution post-delimitation.
- Encourage capacity-building for new political representatives from restructured constituencies.
Conclusion
The Supreme Court’s directive to expedite delimitation in the Northeast is a significant step toward electoral equality and governance efficiency. However, the process must be conducted with caution, transparency, and inclusivity to ensure it strengthens democratic representation without triggering political unrest. With the right policies, delimitation can enhance governance and promote regional stability in the Northeast.
Topic 2: Assam to Launch ‘Project Jal Sanchay’ for Water Conservation
GS Paper 3: Environment, Water Resources, Sustainable Development
Introduction
The Assam government has announced ‘Project Jal Sanchay’, a large-scale water conservation initiative aimed at addressing water scarcity, groundwater depletion, and flood mitigation. The project focuses on rainwater harvesting, watershed management, and rejuvenation of traditional water bodies to ensure sustainable water availability for drinking, irrigation, and industrial use.
Given Assam’s dual challenges of seasonal floods and water shortages in certain regions, this initiative is a critical step toward long-term water security and climate resilience.
Key Points
✅ 1. Objectives of Project Jal Sanchay
- Conservation & efficient management of water resources in Assam.
- Revival of traditional water bodies like ponds, lakes, and wetlands.
- Rainwater harvesting in urban and rural areas.
- Floodwater storage and groundwater recharge to prevent seasonal water crises.
✅ 2. Key Features of the Project
- Construction of check dams, farm ponds, and percolation tanks to improve groundwater recharge.
- Expansion of rainwater harvesting systems in schools, government buildings, and industries.
- Rejuvenation of Assam’s wetlands (Beels) and river systems to store excess water.
- Integration with MGNREGA to create employment in water conservation projects.
✅ 3. Why is Water Conservation Critical for Assam?
- Floods affect over 30% of Assam’s land annually, leading to water loss and soil erosion.
- Groundwater depletion in Upper Assam and hill districts is worsening due to deforestation and over-extraction.
- Erratic rainfall patterns due to climate change affect both agriculture and drinking water supply.
- Wetland degradation threatens Assam’s biodiversity, including the famous Kaziranga and Majuli ecosystems.
✅ 4. Challenges in Water Conservation Efforts
- Encroachments and urbanization are reducing Assam’s natural water storage capacity.
- Poor maintenance of traditional water bodies and irrigation canals.
- Limited awareness and adoption of rainwater harvesting techniques.
- Industrial and domestic pollution affecting freshwater sources.
Prelims Pointers
- Beels of Assam: Natural wetlands crucial for flood management and biodiversity conservation.
- Brahmaputra Board: A government body for flood control and river management in Assam.
- Jal Shakti Abhiyan: A national campaign for rainwater conservation and watershed development.
- Atal Bhujal Yojana: A scheme for groundwater management and community-led water conservation.
- Watershed Management: A technique for improving soil and water retention in agricultural lands.
Mains Pointers
✅ 1. How ‘Project Jal Sanchay’ Will Improve Assam’s Water Security
🔹 1. Enhancing Groundwater Recharge & Storage Capacity
- Revival of traditional ponds and beels to hold excess monsoon water.
- Check dams and percolation wells to recharge underground aquifers.
🔹 2. Reducing Flood Damage & Soil Erosion
- Floodwater storage in wetlands to prevent overflow into villages and farmlands.
- Promotion of flood-resistant crops and better irrigation techniques.
🔹 3. Expanding Access to Clean Drinking Water
- Use of stored rainwater to reduce dependence on contaminated river water.
- Linking water conservation with the Jal Jeevan Mission for rural drinking water supply.
🔹 4. Supporting Climate-Resilient Agriculture
- Encouraging farmers to use water-efficient irrigation techniques like drip and sprinkler systems.
- Development of community-led watershed management programs.
✅ 2. Challenges in Implementing Large-Scale Water Conservation Projects
✅ 1. Encroachment & Destruction of Natural Water Bodies
- Urban expansion and illegal construction over wetlands reduce Assam’s natural water storage.
- Solution: Strict enforcement of Wetlands Protection Rules & land reclamation efforts.
✅ 2. High Cost of Water Conservation Infrastructure
- Check dams, rainwater harvesting structures, and recharge wells require long-term funding.
- Solution: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) for sustainable financing.
✅ 3. Lack of Community Awareness & Participation
- Many rural areas lack knowledge about water conservation methods.
- Solution: Education campaigns under Gram Panchayat and SHG (Self-Help Group) networks.
✅ 4. Industrial & Agricultural Water Misuse
- Excessive groundwater withdrawal by industries and inefficient irrigation practices.
- Solution: Enforcement of water conservation laws and promotion of micro-irrigation techniques.
3. Government & Policy Measures for Effective Water Management
✅ 1. Strengthening Assam’s Water Conservation Policies
- Linking Jal Sanchay with Assam’s State Water Policy for coordinated implementation.
- Designating critical wetlands and floodplains as conservation zones.
✅ 2. Expanding Water Harvesting & Wetland Protection
- Mandatory rooftop rainwater harvesting in government and corporate buildings.
- Community-led lake and river desilting programs to improve storage capacity.
✅ 3. Developing Flood-Resilient Agricultural Strategies
- Expansion of water-efficient irrigation methods in flood-prone regions.
- Promoting deepwater rice varieties and climate-adaptive farming.
✅ 4. Integrating Technology & Data Analytics in Water Management
- Use of satellite mapping to track water loss and wetland health.
- AI-based flood forecasting to reduce disaster impact.
Way Forward
✅ 1. Strengthening Assam’s Water Governance Framework
- Creation of a State Water Conservation Authority for coordinated planning.
- Regular water audits to ensure sustainable usage in agriculture and industries.
✅ 2. Expanding Water-Positive Rural & Urban Planning
- Reviving lost village ponds and traditional water storage structures.
- Encouraging green urban infrastructure with rain gardens and permeable pavements.
✅ 3. Leveraging Private & International Funding for Water Conservation
- Encouraging CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) investments in watershed projects.
- Collaborating with global water conservation organizations.
✅ 4. Building a Water-Conscious Public Mindset
- Inclusion of water conservation awareness in Assam’s school curriculum.
- Expanding community-driven initiatives like ‘Jal Panchayats’ for local water governance.
Conclusion
Project Jal Sanchay is a crucial step toward addressing Assam’s water challenges, ensuring better flood control, groundwater recharge, and sustainable agriculture. By integrating traditional conservation methods with modern water management technologies, Assam can achieve long-term water security and climate resilience.
However, community participation, strict enforcement of conservation laws, and innovative water governance models will be essential to the project’s success. A multi-stakeholder approach involving government, industry, and local communities is needed to make water conservation a long-term priority.
Topic 3: Assam Government to Develop Guwahati as a Green City
GS Paper 3: Urban Development, Environment, Sustainable Cities
Introduction
The Assam government has announced a major urban transformation initiative to develop Guwahati as a Green City. This initiative aims to make Guwahati environmentally sustainable by integrating green infrastructure, reducing pollution, improving public transport, and enhancing urban resilience against climate change.
As one of the fastest-growing cities in Northeast India, Guwahati faces rising pollution, traffic congestion, and ecological degradation. This initiative aligns with India’s Smart Cities Mission, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and Climate Action Plans.
Key Points
✅ 1. Objectives of the Guwahati Green City Project
- Reducing air and water pollution by enforcing stricter environmental norms.
- Developing green infrastructure, including urban forests and eco-friendly buildings.
- Expanding sustainable public transport, such as electric buses and cycling lanes.
- Promoting renewable energy in government and commercial buildings.
- Enhancing waste management and water conservation efforts.
✅ 2. Key Features of the Project
- Urban Afforestation: Planting 1 million trees in and around Guwahati to improve air quality.
- Expansion of EV (Electric Vehicle) Public Transport: Introduction of electric buses, CNG taxis, and dedicated cycling tracks.
- Smart Waste Management: Implementing AI-based waste collection systems and plastic recycling units.
- Water Conservation & Wetland Restoration: Reviving Deepor Beel and Bharalu River, which suffer from pollution.
- Green Building Policy: Encouraging solar panels, rainwater harvesting, and energy-efficient architecture in all new constructions.
✅ 3. Why Does Guwahati Need a Green City Plan?
- High Air Pollution: Guwahati’s Air Quality Index (AQI) is deteriorating due to traffic emissions and industrial activity.
- Traffic Congestion: Increasing vehicle density leads to carbon emissions and poor urban mobility.
- Wetland Degradation: Major water bodies like Deepor Beel are shrinking due to encroachments.
- Rising Urban Heat: Deforestation and unplanned urbanization are making the city hotter and more vulnerable to climate change.
✅ 4. Challenges in Implementing Green Urbanization
- Encroachments on wetlands and forest areas hinder green expansion efforts.
- High initial costs for sustainable urban infrastructure.
- Limited adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) due to lack of charging stations.
- Coordination issues between municipal bodies and state government departments.
Prelims Pointers
- Air Quality Index (AQI): A measurement of air pollution levels affecting public health.
- Deepor Beel: A Ramsar wetland site in Guwahati, crucial for biodiversity and flood control.
- Smart Cities Mission: A Government of India initiative to promote urban sustainability and infrastructure development.
- Green Building Code: Guidelines for eco-friendly construction, energy efficiency, and sustainable architecture.
- Electric Mobility Mission (FAME India Scheme): Government subsidy program to promote electric vehicles in Indian cities.
Mains Pointers
✅ 1. How Guwahati’s Green City Plan Can Improve Urban Sustainability
🔹 1. Reducing Carbon Footprint & Pollution
- Strict emission norms for industries and vehicles to curb air pollution.
- Expansion of electric public transport and pedestrian-friendly zones.
🔹 2. Enhancing Green Infrastructure & Climate Resilience
- Planting urban forests and rooftop gardens to improve city temperature control.
- Rainwater harvesting and smart drainage systems to reduce waterlogging.
🔹 3. Sustainable Public Transport & Mobility Solutions
- Introducing more cycle-sharing programs and dedicated bicycle lanes.
- Expanding metro rail and electric bus networks to reduce traffic congestion.
🔹 4. Waste Management & Renewable Energy Promotion
- Developing waste-to-energy plants to convert urban waste into electricity.
- Mandatory solar panels on commercial buildings to promote clean energy.
✅ 2. Challenges & Possible Solutions for Guwahati’s Green City Development
✅ 1. Lack of Urban Planning & Infrastructure Gaps
- Encroachments on green spaces limit afforestation efforts.
- Solution: Strict implementation of Green Belt Zoning Laws to protect urban forests.
✅ 2. Limited Public Awareness & Citizen Engagement
- Many residents are unaware of sustainable practices like recycling and water conservation.
- Solution: Public awareness campaigns and incentives for eco-friendly habits.
✅ 3. High Cost of Green Infrastructure Development
- Sustainable urban projects require significant investment.
- Solution: Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) and green bonds for eco-city financing.
✅ 4. Insufficient Electric Vehicle (EV) Infrastructure
- Limited charging stations discourage EV adoption.
- Solution: Expansion of EV charging hubs across key locations in Guwahati.
3. Government & Policy Measures to Strengthen Green Urbanization
✅ 1. Strengthening Assam’s Green Building Regulations
- Mandatory rooftop solar installations and rainwater harvesting in new buildings.
- Tax incentives for real estate projects that meet green standards.
✅ 2. Expanding Public Transport & Non-Motorized Mobility
- Reducing private vehicle dependency by improving public bus and metro services.
- Expanding pedestrian walkways and cycle lanes to promote non-motorized transport.
✅ 3. Reviving Urban Water Bodies & Wetlands
- Strict anti-encroachment laws to protect Deepor Beel and Bharalu River.
- Eco-restoration projects to remove plastic and industrial pollutants from water bodies.
✅ 4. Integrating Smart City Technologies for Sustainable Urban Planning
- Use of IoT-based traffic management to reduce congestion and emissions.
- AI-based waste segregation systems to improve waste collection efficiency.
Way Forward
✅ 1. Implementing a Comprehensive Green City Action Plan
- Defining clear short-term and long-term sustainability goals.
- Developing a roadmap for phasing out polluting industries and promoting clean energy.
✅ 2. Strengthening Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) for Green Development
- Encouraging corporate investments in urban greening and EV infrastructure.
- Developing carbon credit incentives for businesses adopting green technologies.
✅ 3. Ensuring Policy Continuity & Governance Transparency
- Establishing an independent ‘Green City Monitoring Authority’ to track progress.
- Annual sustainability reports to assess environmental impact of urban policies.
✅ 4. Encouraging Community Participation in Sustainability Efforts
- Engaging local communities in tree-planting drives and waste management projects.
- Creating incentives for citizens to adopt eco-friendly practices.
Conclusion
Developing Guwahati as a Green City is crucial for Assam’s long-term urban sustainability and climate resilience. By integrating clean energy, efficient public transport, urban forestry, and smart waste management, the city can become a model for green urbanization in the Northeast.
However, effective implementation, policy continuity, and active public participation will be necessary for the project’s success. With strong governance, sustainable financing, and innovative urban planning, Guwahati can transform into an eco-friendly and livable city for future generations.
Topic 4: Assam to Introduce AI-Based Crop Monitoring System for Farmers
GS Paper 3: Science & Technology, Agriculture, Digital Transformation
Introduction
The Assam government has announced the launch of an AI-based Crop Monitoring System, aiming to modernize agriculture, enhance productivity, and provide real-time data to farmers. The initiative aligns with Digital India and the National e-Governance Plan in Agriculture (NeGPA), leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI), remote sensing, and machine learning to monitor crop health, soil conditions, and weather patterns.
With agriculture being the backbone of Assam’s economy, the integration of AI-driven decision-making can significantly improve yield prediction, reduce losses, and ensure food security.
Key Points
✅ 1. Objectives of the AI-Based Crop Monitoring System
- Real-time tracking of crop health, pest infestations, and soil fertility.
- Accurate weather forecasting to help farmers plan irrigation and harvesting.
- Optimizing pesticide and fertilizer usage to reduce costs and environmental impact.
- Early warning system for floods and droughts to prevent crop losses.
✅ 2. How the AI System Works
- Satellite imagery and drones collect real-time data on farmlands.
- Machine learning models analyze crop growth patterns and detect diseases early.
- Mobile apps provide personalized recommendations to farmers on soil health, fertilizers, and weather updates.
- AI-based chatbots assist farmers by answering queries in Assamese and other regional languages.
✅ 3. Why AI in Agriculture is Crucial for Assam
- Assam’s agriculture is highly dependent on the monsoon, making weather prediction critical.
- Frequent floods and droughts cause huge crop losses, affecting farmer incomes.
- Tea plantations and rice farming need better disease and pest management solutions.
- AI-driven precision farming can increase yield and improve agricultural sustainability.
✅ 4. Challenges in Implementing AI in Agriculture
- Limited digital literacy among small and marginal farmers.
- High cost of AI-driven technologies and infrastructure.
- Need for stable internet connectivity in remote villages.
- Resistance to adopting new farming techniques due to traditional practices.
Prelims Pointers
- Precision Farming: A technology-driven approach that optimizes crop management using AI and IoT.
- e-NAM (National Agriculture Market): An online platform for trading agricultural commodities across India.
- Kisan Call Centres (KCC): Helpline service for providing agricultural advice to farmers.
- PM Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): Crop insurance scheme to protect farmers from yield losses.
- Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs): Agricultural extension centers that promote farm technology and training.
Mains Pointers
✅ 1. How AI-Based Crop Monitoring Can Transform Assam’s Agriculture
🔹 1. Enhancing Productivity & Yield Prediction
- AI helps analyze soil quality and suggest the best crops to plant.
- Accurate weather forecasting prevents losses due to climate uncertainties.
🔹 2. Reducing Agricultural Costs & Increasing Profits
- AI optimizes water, pesticide, and fertilizer usage, lowering production costs.
- Market intelligence tools help farmers get better prices for their crops.
🔹 3. Strengthening Disaster Resilience
- Early warning systems predict floods, droughts, and pest outbreaks.
- AI-powered advisory services provide real-time crisis response plans for farmers.
🔹 4. Encouraging Sustainable & Climate-Smart Farming
- AI promotes eco-friendly agricultural practices, reducing chemical overuse.
- Automated irrigation and water conservation strategies improve efficiency.
✅ 2. Challenges in Scaling AI Adoption in Agriculture
✅ 1. Digital Divide & Lack of Awareness
- Small farmers lack access to smartphones and AI-powered platforms.
- Solution: Subsidized AI-based advisory services and farmer training programs.
✅ 2. Infrastructure Gaps in Rural Connectivity
- Poor internet access in remote areas makes real-time AI integration difficult.
- Solution: Expansion of rural digital infrastructure under BharatNet.
✅ 3. Affordability Issues for Small Farmers
- High cost of AI-driven equipment like drones and sensors.
- Solution: Providing financial support through government subsidies and microloans.
✅ 4. Data Privacy & Cybersecurity Concerns
- Farmers’ data needs protection from misuse and commercial exploitation.
- Solution: Implementing strict data governance policies for agricultural platforms.
3. Government Initiatives to Strengthen AI in Agriculture
✅ 1. Digital Agriculture Mission (2021-2025)
- Focuses on AI, IoT, and big data for modernizing Indian agriculture.
✅ 2. National e-Governance Plan for Agriculture (NeGPA)
- Supports digital tools for farm advisory, market prices, and weather alerts.
✅ 3. AI-Driven Crop Insurance Models Under PMFBY
- Uses satellite data for faster and more accurate compensation claims.
✅ 4. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) for AI Startups
- Encourages collaboration with agri-tech startups and research institutions.
Way Forward
✅ 1. Strengthening AI Infrastructure in Rural Areas
- Expanding 5G connectivity and cloud-based AI services for real-time monitoring.
- Encouraging rural IT training programs for better AI adoption.
✅ 2. Encouraging Farmer-Friendly AI Platforms
- User-friendly mobile apps in Assamese and local languages.
- Developing voice-based AI assistants for illiterate farmers.
✅ 3. Affordable AI Solutions for Small & Marginal Farmers
- Providing subsidies for AI-based soil testing and irrigation systems.
- Encouraging group-based farming models to share AI-enabled machinery.
✅ 4. Scaling AI-Based Crop Monitoring to All Districts in Assam
- Pilot projects in key agricultural zones, later expanding to all districts.
- Integrating AI with Assam’s agricultural extension services for wider adoption.
Conclusion
The AI-based Crop Monitoring System is a game-changer for Assam’s agriculture, offering real-time insights, disaster resilience, and cost-effective precision farming solutions. By integrating digital tools, farmer training, and policy support, Assam can lead in smart agriculture and enhance food security.
However, digital literacy, affordability, and rural infrastructure improvements are essential to making AI accessible to small and marginal farmers. With strong government initiatives and private sector collaboration, Assam can achieve sustainable and technology-driven agricultural growth.
APSC Prelims Practice Questions
Topic 1: Supreme Court Directs Centre to Complete Delimitation in Northeast
Question 1
Which of the following constitutional provisions govern the process of delimitation in India?
- Article 82 – Provides for the reallocation of parliamentary constituencies after each Census.
- Article 170 – Deals with the delimitation of State Legislative Assemblies.
- Sixth Schedule – Governs delimitation in the tribal areas of the Northeast.
- Article 356 – Relates to the imposition of President’s Rule and does not deal with delimitation.
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2, and 3 only
c) 1, 2, and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
✅ Answer: c) 1, 2, and 4 only
Explanation:
- Article 82 and Article 170 define the process of delimitation for parliamentary and state assembly constituencies.
- The Sixth Schedule deals with autonomous district councils in the Northeast, but it does not govern delimitation.
- Article 356 is unrelated to delimitation and pertains to President’s Rule.
Question 2
Which of the following states were included in the Supreme Court’s directive for delimitation in the Northeast?
- Arunachal Pradesh
- Nagaland
- Manipur
- Assam
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2, and 3 only
c) 1, 2, 3, and 4
d) 2, 3, and 4 only
✅ Answer: c) 1, 2, 3, and 4
Explanation:
- The Supreme Court directed delimitation in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Assam, which had been pending since 2008 due to security concerns.
Topic 2: Assam to Launch ‘Project Jal Sanchay’ for Water Conservation
Question 3
Which of the following are objectives of ‘Project Jal Sanchay’ launched by the Assam government?
- Rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge
- Rejuvenation of Assam’s wetlands (Beels)
- Construction of large dams on Brahmaputra River
- Integration with MGNREGA for rural water conservation projects
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2, and 4 only
c) 2, 3, and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
✅ Answer: b) 1, 2, and 4 only
Explanation:
- Rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge are key goals of the project.
- Wetland rejuvenation is critical for flood control and biodiversity conservation.
- MGNREGA is being integrated for rural water conservation efforts.
- Large dams are not part of this initiative, as Assam focuses on natural water conservation methods.
Question 4
Which of the following wetlands in Assam are recognized under the Ramsar Convention?
- Deepor Beel
- Maguri Beel
- Sareswar Beel
- Son Beel
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 4 only
c) 1, 2, and 3 only
d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
✅ Answer: b) 1 and 4 only
Explanation:
- Deepor Beel and Son Beel are recognized Ramsar wetlands in Assam.
- Maguri Beel and Sareswar Beel are important wetlands but not yet designated as Ramsar sites.
Topic 3: Assam Government to Develop Guwahati as a Green City
Question 5
Which of the following initiatives are part of Assam’s Green City Project for Guwahati?
- Expansion of electric buses and cycling lanes
- Restoration of Deepor Beel and Bharalu River
- Implementation of AI-based smart waste management
- Construction of new coal-based thermal power plants to meet energy needs
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2, and 3 only
c) 2, 3, and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
✅ Answer: b) 1, 2, and 3 only
Explanation:
- The Green City Project focuses on expanding electric mobility, waste management, and wetland restoration.
- Coal-based power plants are against the principles of a Green City initiative.
Question 6
Which of the following is a Ramsar wetland site located in Guwahati?
a) Deepor Beel
b) Maguri Beel
c) Loktak Lake
d) Chandubi Lake
✅ Answer: a) Deepor Beel
Explanation:
- Deepor Beel is a Ramsar wetland located in Guwahati.
- Maguri Beel (Tinsukia) and Loktak Lake (Manipur) are Ramsar wetlands but not in Guwahati.
Topic 4: Assam to Introduce AI-Based Crop Monitoring System for Farmers
Question 7
Which of the following technologies are used in Assam’s AI-based Crop Monitoring System?
- Satellite imagery for real-time farm monitoring
- Drones for pest and disease detection
- Blockchain technology for transparent farm subsidies
- Machine learning for yield prediction
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2, and 4 only
c) 1, 2, 3, and 4
d) 2, 3, and 4 only
✅ Answer: b) 1, 2, and 4 only
Explanation:
- Satellite imagery, drones, and machine learning are key components of AI-based crop monitoring.
- Blockchain is not yet part of this initiative but could be integrated in future for farm subsidy tracking.
Question 8
Which of the following are benefits of using AI in agriculture?
- Real-time pest and disease monitoring
- Reduction in pesticide and fertilizer overuse
- Automatic irrigation management using weather data
- Eliminating the need for human intervention in farming
Select the correct answer using the code below:
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1, 2, and 3 only
c) 2, 3, and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
✅ Answer: b) 1, 2, and 3 only
Explanation:
Human intervention is still necessary in farming, as AI only assists in decision-making.
AI improves pest monitoring, reduces chemical use, and optimizes irrigation based on real-time weather data.
APSC Mains Practice Question
Mains Question
“The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in agriculture has the potential to revolutionize farming practices, enhance productivity, and address climate-related challenges. Discuss the benefits, challenges, and policy measures required to integrate AI-based crop monitoring systems in Indian agriculture, with special reference to Assam.” (GS Paper 3: Science & Technology, Agriculture, Digital Transformation)
Model Answer
Introduction
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming global agriculture by optimizing crop management, improving yield predictions, and reducing resource wastage. India, with its large agrarian base and increasing climate vulnerabilities, can leverage AI-based technologies to make farming more efficient and sustainable.
Assam, which faces floods, erratic rainfall, and soil fertility issues, has launched an AI-Based Crop Monitoring System to provide real-time farm data, early pest detection, and climate-smart advisory services to farmers. However, limited digital literacy, infrastructure gaps, and affordability concerns pose challenges to widespread AI adoption in agriculture.
Significance of AI in Agriculture
✅ 1. Enhancing Crop Productivity & Yield Prediction
- AI-powered satellite imagery and drones help in real-time farm monitoring.
- Machine learning models analyze weather patterns, assisting farmers in making data-driven decisions.
✅ 2. Climate-Resilient Farming & Disaster Preparedness
- AI-based flood and drought prediction systems provide early warnings.
- Smart irrigation systems optimize water usage, crucial for Assam’s flood-prone and drought-hit regions.
✅ 3. Precision Farming & Sustainable Agriculture
- AI assists in customizing fertilizer and pesticide use, reducing environmental damage.
- Soil health monitoring ensures balanced nutrient management, increasing soil fertility.
✅ 4. Market Intelligence & Financial Inclusion for Farmers
- AI helps forecast crop demand, price trends, and optimize market linkages.
- AI-powered chatbots provide financial and subsidy-related information in regional languages like Assamese.
✅ 5. Strengthening Government Policy Implementation
- AI aids in faster crop insurance claim processing under PM Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY).
- Digital record-keeping ensures transparent distribution of farm subsidies.
Challenges in Implementing AI in Indian Agriculture
✅ 1. Digital Divide & Limited Farmer Awareness
- Many small and marginal farmers lack access to AI tools and smartphones.
- Low digital literacy makes AI adoption difficult in rural areas.
✅ 2. Infrastructure Gaps in Rural Connectivity
- Poor internet and electricity availability in villages hinder real-time AI monitoring.
- High-cost AI tools like drones and IoT devices remain inaccessible to small farmers.
✅ 3. Data Privacy & Cybersecurity Concerns
- Farmers’ data must be protected from misuse by private corporations.
- Lack of data regulation policies can lead to exploitation in pricing and market trends.
✅ 4. Affordability Issues for Small Farmers
- AI-based farming equipment is expensive, making it unaffordable for marginal farmers.
- Lack of financial incentives or subsidies for adopting AI-driven technology.
✅ 5. Resistance to Change & Trust Issues
- Farmers accustomed to traditional methods may be reluctant to trust AI recommendations.
- Need for human-AI collaboration rather than complete automation.
Government & Policy Measures to Promote AI in Agriculture
✅ 1. Expanding Digital Infrastructure in Rural Areas
- Strengthening BharatNet for high-speed internet in remote farming regions.
- Setting up AI-powered rural knowledge centers to provide real-time advisory services.
✅ 2. Providing Financial Support & Incentives
- Subsidizing AI-based agricultural tools under schemes like PM Kisan Samriddhi Yojana.
- Encouraging Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) to reduce AI adoption costs.
✅ 3. Capacity Building & Farmer Awareness Programs
- Digital literacy workshops for farmers in local languages (Assamese, Bodo, etc.).
- Training Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) to educate farmers on AI-driven decision-making.
✅ 4. Developing AI-Integrated Crop Insurance & Credit Systems
- Linking AI-powered yield prediction models with PM Fasal Bima Yojana for faster compensation.
- Expanding AI-based risk assessment for easy farm loan approvals.
✅ 5. Strengthening Data Protection Laws for Agricultural AI Platforms
- Creating a regulatory framework for responsible AI use in farming.
- Ensuring farmers’ data privacy and preventing price manipulation by large agribusinesses.
Way Forward
✅ 1. Expanding AI-Based Crop Monitoring Across India
- Pilot projects in Assam can be scaled up to other flood-prone and climate-vulnerable states.
- Collaboration with global AI researchers to develop region-specific solutions.
✅ 2. Encouraging Agri-Tech Startups & Research Institutions
- Promoting homegrown AI startups working on low-cost farming solutions.
- Integrating AI with indigenous farming practices for better adaptability.
✅ 3. Developing AI-Based Agricultural Market Platforms
- Using AI to analyze crop demand and prevent overproduction losses.
- AI-enabled real-time price monitoring to ensure fair market access for farmers.
✅ 4. Strengthening AI Regulations & Ethical Use in Agriculture
- Ensuring equitable AI access for small farmers, not just large agribusinesses.
- Creating a National AI Ethics Board for Agriculture to address misuse concerns.
Conclusion
AI in agriculture has the potential to transform Indian farming by enhancing efficiency, climate resilience, and economic returns. Assam’s initiative to launch an AI-based Crop Monitoring System is a crucial step toward modernizing its agrarian sector.
However, challenges like digital literacy, affordability, and data security must be addressed to ensure AI adoption benefits all farmers, especially smallholders. With strong government support, rural AI infrastructure, and capacity-building programs, AI-driven agriculture can become a cornerstone of India’s food security and economic growth.
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