APSC Current Affairs: Assam Tribune Notes with MCQs and Answer Writing (11/11/2024)

For APSC CCE and other Assam Competitive examinations aspirants, staying updated with current affairs is vital. This blog covers most important topics from the Assam Tribune today (11-11-2024). These issues are key for both APSC Prelims and Mains preparation, offering insights into the APSC CCE Syllabus.

Topic 1: India’s Climate Finance Focus at COP29

GS Paper 3: Environment, International Relations

Introduction:
As COP29 begins in Baku, India is prioritizing climate finance, especially focusing on accountability for developed countries. India emphasizes equitable climate financing, aiming to support vulnerable communities and ensure a fair energy transition.

Key Points:

• India’s delegation, led by Union Minister Kirti Vardhan Singh, advocates for increased climate finance commitments from developed nations.
• Key issues include the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) for climate finance, aiming to meet the trillion-dollar benchmark essential for developing countries.
• India’s stance reflects its balance between economic growth and climate responsibility.

Prelims Pointers:

• COP29: The 29th UN Climate Change Conference, focusing on global climate action and financial mechanisms.
• NCQG: A target for climate finance to be achieved by developed nations, addressing mitigation and adaptation needs in developing countries.
• Global Carbon Budget: Released at COP29, it provides an assessment of current emissions and progress toward the Paris Agreement.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Mitigation and Adaptation Support: Enables developing nations to adopt sustainable technologies and combat climate impacts.
   • Equitable Energy Transition: Ensures affordable clean energy access for developing economies.
   • Enhanced Global Cooperation: Strengthens partnerships to meet the Paris Agreement goals.
   • Climate Resilience: Protects vulnerable communities through targeted financing and technology transfer.
   • Global Accountability: Holds developed nations accountable for their historical emissions and financial commitments.
2. Challenges:
   • Funding Deficits: Developed countries have yet to meet the existing $100 billion climate finance target.
   • Diverse National Interests: Conflicting priorities among nations make unified climate action challenging.
   • Monitoring Mechanisms: Ensuring transparency in fund allocation and impact tracking is difficult.
   • Balancing Development: Balancing economic growth and climate goals is a key issue for emerging economies like India.
   • Technology Gaps: Limited access to advanced technologies slows down climate adaptation in developing regions.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Strengthen Financial Commitments: Urge developed nations to meet and exceed the $100 billion target.
   • Enhance Transparency: Create frameworks for tracking the allocation and impact of climate funds.
   • Focus on Technology Transfer: Facilitate technology-sharing initiatives for sustainable development.
   • Regional Collaboration: Develop region-specific strategies for adaptation and mitigation.
   • Foster Public-Private Partnerships: Encourage investments from private entities in clean technology and climate resilience.

Conclusion:
India’s emphasis on climate finance at COP29 underscores the need for equitable action on climate change. By addressing both finance and accountability, India advocates for a climate-resilient future, especially for developing nations.

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Topic 2: Bangladesh’s Appeal to Interpol for Sheikh Hasina’s Repatriation

GS Paper 2: International Relations, Governance

Introduction:
Following Sheikh Hasina’s exile to India amid accusations of human rights violations, Bangladesh’s interim government is seeking her repatriation through Interpol. The government plans to issue a Red Notice to bring Hasina and her associates back to face charges.

Key Points:

• Sheikh Hasina faces charges related to alleged crimes against humanity during her tenure.
• The interim government has also issued arrest warrants for other high-profile Awami League leaders.
• Bangladesh’s political landscape remains tense, with claims of rights abuses during Hasina’s administration.

Prelims Pointers:

• Red Notice: An Interpol alert used to locate and provisionally arrest individuals pending extradition.
• International Crimes Tribunal (ICT): Established to prosecute crimes against humanity, originally focusing on the 1971 Liberation War.
• Interpol: The international police organization facilitating cooperation between law enforcement agencies.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Accountability: Reinforces Bangladesh’s commitment to addressing human rights violations.
   • International Cooperation: Strengthens legal cooperation between nations through Interpol mechanisms.
   • Political Stability: Holds former leaders accountable, fostering a fair governance system.
   • Judicial Reforms: Sets a precedent for addressing high-profile cases of alleged rights violations.
   • Global Rule of Law: Demonstrates Bangladesh’s adherence to international justice standards.
2. Challenges:
   • Political Bias Allegations: Opposition groups may view the charges as politically motivated.
   • Extradition Complexities: Extradition procedures are lengthy and depend on India’s cooperation.
   • Human Rights Concerns: The legitimacy of trials may be questioned if due process is compromised.
   • Diplomatic Strain: Bangladesh-India relations could be affected by extradition disagreements.
   • Public Opinion: Popular support for Hasina could influence the interim government’s stability.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Transparent Legal Process: Ensure trials are conducted fairly to avoid political retaliation claims.
   • Strengthen Diplomatic Ties: Engage India through diplomatic channels for seamless cooperation.
   • Independent Oversight: Involve international monitors to guarantee a fair judicial process.
   • Public Awareness Campaigns: Inform the public about judicial proceedings to maintain trust.
   • Promote Regional Stability: Work with neighboring countries to manage the political fallout.

Conclusion:
Bangladesh’s appeal for Interpol’s assistance in repatriating Sheikh Hasina highlights the nation’s focus on accountability. A fair, transparent process is essential for Bangladesh to uphold international justice standards and maintain regional stability.

Topic 3: MoU Signed for Flood Management in Northeast India

GS Paper 3: Disaster Management, Environment

Introduction:
A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the Ministry of Jal Shakti, the Assam government, and the World Bank to develop a comprehensive flood management system for the Northeast region. This initiative aims to address the recurring flood challenges by implementing advanced technology and infrastructure to reduce impacts.

Key Points:

• The MoU includes a commitment to set up a real-time flood forecasting and early warning system.
• The project will utilize GIS mapping, remote sensing, and hydrological modeling to monitor water levels and flood-prone areas.
• The World Bank’s support focuses on creating flood-resilient infrastructure and enhancing local capacity for flood management.

Prelims Pointers:

• Ministry of Jal Shakti: Responsible for managing water resources and addressing water scarcity and flooding issues in India.
• GIS Mapping: Geographic Information System technology for detailed spatial analysis, essential in disaster planning and response.
• Remote Sensing: Technology for gathering data on the Earth’s surface from satellites or airborne devices, critical for monitoring environmental changes.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Disaster Preparedness: A robust flood management system reduces loss of life and property.
   • Data-Driven Decision-Making: Advanced technologies provide precise, real-time data for quick response.
   • Infrastructure Resilience: Strengthening infrastructure to withstand floods improves public safety and economic stability.
   • Community Awareness: Early warning systems enhance community readiness and reduce panic.
   • Ecosystem Balance: Helps maintain ecological balance by mitigating flood-induced soil erosion and habitat loss.
2. Challenges:
   • Technology Integration: Adapting advanced systems to local contexts may face technological and logistical challenges.
   • Funding and Maintenance: Continuous funding and skilled personnel are essential for system upkeep and training.
   • Coordination Across States: Effective flood management requires collaboration among multiple Northeast states.
   • Infrastructure Gaps: Some flood-prone areas lack basic infrastructure, complicating system deployment.
   • Climate Change Impact: Increasing climate variability adds uncertainty to flood predictions and requires adaptable models.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Capacity Building: Train local authorities and disaster response teams on system use and maintenance.
   • Public Engagement: Educate communities on using early warnings and flood preparedness practices.
   • Sustainable Funding: Secure ongoing funding from public-private partnerships to support long-term operation.
   • Regional Collaboration: Establish coordination mechanisms between Northeast states for seamless management.
   • Regular System Upgrades: Continuously update technology and data models to improve prediction accuracy.

Conclusion:
The MoU represents a proactive approach to flood management in Northeast India, integrating technology and local capacity to mitigate flood impacts. With a sustained commitment, the initiative can build resilience and improve safety for communities in flood-prone areas.

Topic 4: Garbhanga Forest Wildlife Sanctuary Status Revoked

GS Paper 3: Environment and Ecology

Introduction:
The Assam government recently revoked the wildlife sanctuary status of Garbhanga Forest, a biologically rich region near Guwahati. The area, often referred to as a “bird paradise,” is known for its diversity of species, including the critically endangered hoolock gibbon and rare Assamese macaques.

Key Points:

• Garbhanga Forest, covering 117 sq km, was previously protected as a wildlife sanctuary.
• The revocation of its protected status opens the forest for development activities.
• The move has sparked environmental concerns due to the forest’s critical role in biodiversity conservation.

Prelims Pointers:

• Garbhanga Forest: A biologically diverse region close to Guwahati, home to endangered species and over 300 bird species.
• Wildlife Sanctuary: A protected area for conservation, restricting human activity to preserve biodiversity.
• IUCN Red List: A list of threatened species used for global conservation assessments.

Mains Pointers:

1. Importance:
   • Biodiversity Conservation: Provides habitat for endangered species, crucial for ecological balance.
   • Climate Regulation: Forest cover helps regulate local climate and mitigate urban pollution.
   • Water Catchment: Forests act as natural water catchment areas, supporting local water needs.
   • Tourism Potential: Could boost eco-tourism, benefiting the local economy.
   • Carbon Sequestration: Forests absorb CO₂, helping offset regional carbon emissions.
2. Challenges:
   • Urban Expansion: Proximity to Guwahati leads to encroachment pressures from urban development.
   • Resource Exploitation: Opening forest areas could lead to illegal logging and resource extraction.
   • Species Vulnerability: Endangered species like the hoolock gibbon are at risk of losing critical habitat.
   • Pollution: Development activities may lead to pollution, disrupting forest ecosystems.
   • Lack of Awareness: Insufficient public awareness on conservation importance can lead to weak community support.
3. Way Ahead:
   • Legislative Measures: Reinstate protective status or introduce special conservation regulations.
   • Community Engagement: Involve local communities in conservation efforts for better outcomes.
   • Development Alternatives: Promote sustainable development practices to balance conservation and growth.
   • Awareness Campaigns: Educate the public on the forest’s ecological importance to garner support.
   • Regular Monitoring: Implement monitoring systems to track biodiversity and prevent illegal activities.

Conclusion:
The revocation of Garbhanga’s sanctuary status risks significant environmental consequences. Sustainable, balanced approaches are crucial to safeguard its biodiversity while addressing development needs.

APSC Prelims Practice Questions

Topic 1: India’s Climate Finance Focus at COP29

Question 1: With reference to COP29 and India’s focus on climate finance, consider the following statements:

1. The New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance seeks to achieve a trillion-dollar target for climate adaptation and mitigation in developing countries.
2. India has committed to providing climate finance for other developing nations as part of its COP29 agenda.
3. The Global Carbon Budget, discussed at COP29, assesses current global emissions against the targets set in the Paris Agreement.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

Answer: A. 1 and 3 only

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. The New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) aims for substantial climate finance contributions from developed nations to support adaptation and mitigation in developing countries, targeting up to a trillion dollars.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. India is advocating for climate finance from developed nations rather than committing to provide it to other countries.
• Statement 3 is correct. The Global Carbon Budget assesses emissions, tracking progress toward meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement.
  Thus, the correct answer is A.

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Topic 2: Bangladesh’s Appeal to Interpol for Sheikh Hasina’s Repatriation

Question 2: Which of the following statements about Interpol and Red Notices is/are correct?

1. A Red Notice is an international alert used by Interpol to locate and provisionally arrest individuals pending extradition.
2. Interpol can arrest individuals based on Red Notices without the cooperation of national law enforcement agencies.
3. Red Notices are legally binding orders that compel countries to extradite individuals.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

Answer: A. 1 only

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. A Red Notice is issued by Interpol to alert member countries to locate and provisionally arrest individuals pending extradition.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. Interpol does not have arresting powers; it relies on national law enforcement agencies to act on Red Notices.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. Red Notices are not legally binding; they are advisory and do not compel countries to extradite individuals.
  Thus, the correct answer is A.

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Topic 3: Garbhanga Forest Wildlife Sanctuary Status Revoked

Question 3: Consider the following statements regarding wildlife sanctuaries in India:

1. Wildlife sanctuaries are designated areas primarily meant to protect biodiversity and restrict commercial activities.
2. Revocation of sanctuary status allows the land to be used for development and other non-conservation purposes.
3. Once declared a wildlife sanctuary, an area cannot have its status changed without a constitutional amendment.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

Answer: A. 1 and 2 only

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. Wildlife sanctuaries are protected areas primarily aimed at conserving biodiversity, with restricted human activity.
• Statement 2 is correct. Revoking the status of a sanctuary can open the area for development and other purposes.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. Changing the status of a sanctuary does not require a constitutional amendment; it can be done through administrative processes under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
  Thus, the correct answer is A.

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Topic 4: MoU Signed for Flood Management in Northeast India

Question 4: Which of the following technologies is/are involved in the flood management system project for Northeast India?

1. Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping
2. Remote sensing
3. Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 only
D. 1, 2, and 3

Answer: D. 1, 2, and 3

Explanation:

Statement 3 is correct. AI can be used to analyze patterns in flood data, enhancing prediction accuracy and flood preparedness.
Thus, the correct answer is D.

Statement 1 is correct. GIS mapping is used for spatial analysis, essential in disaster planning and flood management.

Statement 2 is correct. Remote sensing provides data on water levels and flood-prone areas through satellite and aerial imaging.

APSC Mains Practice Question

Topic: Conservation Challenges in India’s Forested Regions

Question: “Discuss the implications of revoking protected status for forested regions like the Garbhanga Forest in Assam. What are the key challenges and strategies required to balance conservation with developmental needs in ecologically sensitive areas?” (250 words)

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Model Answer:

Introduction:
Revoking protected status for forests, such as Assam’s Garbhanga Forest, brings development opportunities but also significant ecological concerns. Forests are critical for biodiversity, climate regulation, and local livelihoods. Balancing development with conservation is essential to maintain ecological integrity.

Body:

Implications of Revoking Protected Status:

1. Loss of Biodiversity: Removal of sanctuary status opens the forest to developmental activities, risking habitat loss for endangered species like the hoolock gibbon and Assamese macaque.
2. Climate Impact: Deforestation reduces carbon sequestration capacity, contributing to climate change and local temperature rises.
3. Water Security Risks: Forests serve as natural water catchment areas; degradation can lead to decreased groundwater recharge and increased water scarcity.
4. Impact on Local Communities: Local communities dependent on forest resources for livelihood may face displacement and reduced access to resources.
5. Tourism Loss: Sanctuary status attracts eco-tourism, and revocation could impact tourism revenue and reduce awareness about conservation.

Challenges in Balancing Conservation and Development:

1. Urban Expansion Pressure: Proximity to cities increases demand for land and resources, intensifying habitat loss.
2. Economic Needs vs. Ecological Preservation: Balancing immediate economic gains with long-term ecological stability remains challenging.
3. Limited Conservation Awareness: Insufficient public awareness about ecological importance weakens community support for preservation.

Strategies for Balancing Conservation and Development:

1. Sustainable Development Policies: Adopt policies that allow controlled development while prioritizing ecological preservation.
2. Community Involvement: Engage local communities in conservation efforts, enhancing both livelihoods and forest protection.
3. Alternative Development Areas: Redirect development projects to non-forested areas, reducing pressure on sensitive regions.
4. Strengthening Legal Frameworks: Reinforce legal mechanisms to protect critical habitats even if sanctuary status is revoked.
5. Awareness and Education Programs: Promote conservation education to build community support and long-term commitment to environmental stewardship.

Conclusion:
The revocation of protected status for forests like Garbhanga poses both developmental opportunities and environmental risks. A balanced approach, integrating sustainable development with robust conservation measures, is essential to preserve biodiversity and secure ecological benefits for future generations.

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